Energy policy is the set of decisions and instruments enacted by governments and related institutions concerning the production, distribution, consumption, and regulation of energy resources and services. As an academic concept and research field, it systematically investigates the formulation, implementation, and evaluation of these policies, examining their complex technical, economic, social, environmental, and geopolitical dimensions. Characterized by its inherently interdisciplinary nature, the field seeks to understand how policies are designed and implemented to achieve objectives such as energy security, affordability, sustainability, and economic competitiveness, holding significant implications for shaping energy systems, driving technological change, mitigating environmental impacts, and addressing critical global issues.